Molusco contagioso: actualización y casos clínicos / Molluscum contagiosum: an update and clinical cases

El molusco contagioso es una patología viral benigna muy frecuente, exclusiva del ser humano, y causada por un virus no clasificado del grupo de los Poxvirus. Las manifestaciones clínicas de la enfermedad inclu-yen lesiones en la piel, que pueden variar desde una pequeña pápula a un nódulo de mayor tamaño, pre-sentándose en forma solitaria o múltiple, dependien-do del estado inmunitario del paciente y del tiempo de evolución del proceso morboso. El estudio histo-patológico es importante para el diagnóstico, aunque en numerosas ocasiones éste se define clínicamen-te. Además del patrón histológico tradicional, y más frecuente, que exhibe hiperplasia e hipertrofia de la epidermis, se han descripto variantes poco usuales, cuyas características dependen, entre otros factores, de la sobreinfección y de la respuesta inmunitaria del paciente. En este trabajo se describen los rasgos ge-nerales del molusco contagioso y luego se presentan varios casos clínicos, uno de los cuales exhibe ma-nifestación inusual en la semimucosa del labio. Por último, se realizan comentarios referentes a la im-portancia que tiene para el odontólogo conocer esta patología y estar capacitado para detectarla, de modo de evitar sus complicaciones y su diseminación (AU)

Molluscum contagiosum is a very common benign viral pathologythat affects exclusively humans and is caused by an unclassified virus of the Poxvirus family. Clinical manifestations include skin lesions such as papule or nodule, which may range from a small papule to a larger nodule, presenting either solitary or multiple, depending on the immune status of the patient and the time of evolution of the morbid process. Histopathological study is important for the diagnosis, although in numerous occasions it is defined clinically. Classical and more frequent histology pattern exhibits hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the epidermis; however, distinct characteristics may occur depending on factors like superinfection and immune response of patients. This article describes general aspects of molluscum contagiosum and exposes several clinical cases, one of which exhibits an unusual manifestation in the semimucosa of the lip. Finally, comments are made regarding the importance for dentists to learn about the existence of this pathology and be able to recognize it in order to avoid its complications and spread (AU)

Presentación atípica de molusco contagioso: compromiso ocular bilateral en paciente con VIH / Atypical presentation of molluscum contagiosum: bilateral ocular involvement in a patient with HIV

La infección por molusco contagioso (MC) en adultos se asocia frecuentemente a transmisión sexual y/o inmunodepresión, por ejemplo, por VIH. En este grupo, la manifestación clínica suele ser atípica. A continuación, se presenta el caso de un paciente con diagnóstico de VIH, bajo recuento de CD4 y carga viral elevada que consulta por múltiples MC en genitales, tronco, cara y ojos además de conjuntivitis en ojo derecho. Se mantuvo terapia antirretroviral (TARV) y se indicó tratamiento para conjuntivitis. La infección por MC en pacientes con VIH se asocia a etapas SIDA con un aumento de los casos a menor recuento de linfocitos CD4, generalmente menor a 200 cel/mL. La pobre respuesta inmune celular de estos pacientes explica su comportamiento clínico atípico. Este grupo presenta una mayor mortalidad que el de pacientes seropositivos sin MC, lo que se explica por la mayor inmunosupresión asociada. El diagnóstico es clínico, aunque podría verse entorpecido cuando hay compromiso ocular por la presencia de lesiones atípicas que hacen necesario considerar diversos diagnósticos diferenciales. El tratamiento es controversial y tiende a existir una baja respuesta y recidiva frente a terapias convencionales en pacientes con VIH cuando la inmunosupresión es marcada por el recuento CD4 muy bajo. La TARV pareciera ser la mejor alternativa para su tratamiento, sin embargo, es importante considerar posibles complicaciones asociadas, como la instauración de síndrome de restauración inmunológica una vez iniciada. Esto podría traducirse en lesiones oculares graves cuando existe compromiso en este órgano

Molluscum contagiosum (MC) infection in adults is frequently associated with sexual transmission and / or immunosuppression, for example by HIV. In this group, the clinical manifestation is usually atypical. Herein we present the case of a patient with a diagnosis of HIV, a low CD4 count and a high viral load who consulted for multiple MC in the genitals, trunk, face and eyes, as well as conjunctivitis in the right eye. Antiretrovitral therapy (ART) was maintained and treatment for conjunctivitis was indicated. MC infection in HIV patients is associated with AIDS stages with an increase in cases with a lower CD4 lymphocyte count, generally less than 200 cells / mL. The poor cellular immune response of these patients explains their atypical clinical behavior. This group presents a higher mortality than that of seropositive patients without MC, which is explained by the greater associated immunosuppression. The diagnosis is clinical, although it could be hampered when there is ocular compromise due to the presence of atypical lesions that make it necessary to consider various differential diagnoses. Treatment is controversial and there tends to be a poor response and relapse to conventional therapies in patients with HIV when immunosuppression is marked by a very low CD4 count. ART seems to be the best alternative for its. However, it is important to consider possible associated complications such as the onset of immune restoration syndrome once it has been started. This could translate into serious eye injuries when this organ is compromised

Dermoscopic rosettes as a clue for atypical molluscum contagiosum / Rosetas dermatoscópicas como pista para el molusco contagioso atípico

El molusco contagioso (MC) es una infección viral frecuente, generalmente fácil de diagnosticar gracias a sus manifestaciones clínicas características. Sin embargo, las presentaciones clínicas atípicas pueden suponer un desafío diagnóstico. La dermatoscopia ha ayudado en estos casos complejos, al mostrar un patrón dermatoscópico característico compuesto por un poro central o umbilicación junto con estructuras amorfas polilobulares de color blanco a amarillo, rodeadas de vasos lineales o ramificados ('vasos en corona"). Sin embargo, se pueden encontrar patrones dermatoscópicos adicionales. Presentamos dos casos de MC donde se observaron rosetas en la dermatoscopia.

Molluscum contagiosum (MC), a frequent viral infection, is generally easy to diagnose because of its characteristic clinical features. However, atypical presentations can be a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. Dermoscopy has helped in this cases by showing a characteristic dermoscopic pattern composed of a central pore or umbilication in conjunction with polylobular white to yellow amorphous structures, surrounded by linear or branched vessels ('red crown"). However, additional dermoscopic patterns can be found. Herein we present two MC cases where rosettes were seen on dermoscopy

Molluscum contagiosum virus infection amongst PLWHA in Ibadan, Nigeria

Background: Molluscum contagiosum (MC) infection is caused by a pox virus and the virus is probably passed on by direct skin-to-skin contact which may affect any part of the body. There is anecdotal evidence associating facial lesions with HIV-related immunodeficiency. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of Molluscum contagiosum infection among PLWHAs attending ART clinic at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional survey of 5,207 patients (3519 female and 1688 males) attending ART clinic between January 2006 and December 2007. Physicians performed complete physical and pelvic examinations. Diagnosis of Molluscum Contagiosum infection was based on the clinical findings of typical lesions on the external genitalia, perianal, trunk, abdominal and facial regions. Results: The mean age of the patients was 34.67 yrs. ± 9.16). About 10% (542) had various sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The male to female ratio was 1: 4.2. One hundred and twenty seven subjects (23.4%) had no formal or primary education with 247 (45.6 %) beingtreatment naïve while 295 (54.4 %) were treatment experienced. Of the 542 PLWHAs with STIs, 3.3 % had undetectable viral load (< 200 copies/ ml) while 272 (50.1 %) had low CD4 count (< 200 cells / mm3.) and The Mean log10 viral load was 5.02 + 0.94. Molluscum Contagiosum infection was diagnosed in 13 patients (0.024%; 8 females and 5 males). Vaginal Candidiasis was the commonest genital infection diagnosed in 223 (41.1%) of the patients with STIs. MC patients had higher viral load, lower CD4 count and more likely to be treatment experienced".Conclusions: Molluscum Contagiosum infection is not uncommon among the HIV-infected patients, but underreported. Awareness of this cutaneous manifestation should be known to Physicians in AIDS care

Molluscum Contagiosum — An Update.

Molluscum contagiosum, a viral disease, can cause popular lesion on skin of face, arm, trunk and ano-genital region. Multiple lesions can be observed in immunocompromised hosts. Though the lesions resolves within 2-6 months, in HIV positive patients it may take more time. The mode of transmission, newer diagnostic and therapeutic options have been discussed in this article.

Molusco contagioso em tatuagem / Molluscum contagiosum on tattoo

Molusco contagioso é uma dermatovirose causada por poxvírus e caracterizada por erupção benigna e autolimitada de uma ou múltiplas pápulas esféricas e brilhantes. A transmissão habitualmente ocorre por contato direto com indivíduos infectados. Relata-se caso de doente masculino, 22 anos, com história de surgimento de numerosas pápulas umbilicadas localizadas estritamente sobre a região de uma tatuagem. Exame histopatológico de uma das pápulas confirmou a hipótese clínica de molusco contagioso. Os autores descrevem uma manifestação pouco frequente da disseminação desse vírus em tatuagens e apresentam uma revisão da literatura, enfatizando as vias de transmissão e a terapêutica do molusco contagioso.

Molluscum contagiosum is a disease caused by a poxvirus characterized by benign self-limited eruption of single or multiple cutaneous spherical and pearly papules. Transmission usually occurs by direct contact with infected hosts. It is reported the case of a 22-year-old Caucasian male who presented characteristic pearly and umbilicated papules strictly located on the region of a tattoo. Histopathologic exam confirmed the diagnosis of molluscum contagiosum. The authors describe an uncommomn manifestation of dissemination of this virus in tattoos and also present a literature review emphasizing the transmission pathways and treatment of Molluscum contagiosum.

Solitary giant molluscum contagiosum presenting as lid tumor in an immunocompetent child.

We report the case of a three-year-old male child who presented with a single painless subcutaneously located upper lid mass of 1.2 × 1.5 cm with a central depression. The mass could be easily separated from overlying skin on complete excision biopsy and showed a never described before whitish brain like appearance consisting of multiple lobes and gyri, which histopathologically proved to be molluscum contagiosum (MC). Tests to investigate underlying immunodeficiency did not show any evidence of immunocompromised state.

Líquen plano mimetizando molusco contagioso / Lichen planus mimicking contagious mollusk

Introdução: Líquen plano é uma doença inflamatória e pruriginosa que afeta pele, mucosas e anexos, podendo apresentar achados clínicos incomuns. Possui etiologia desconhecida e pico de incidência na vida adulta, pouco comum em crianças. Por estas razões, os autores relatam um caso raro, de difícil diagnóstico, no qual uma criança apresentava manifestações cutâneas semelhantes a molusco contagioso. Descrição do caso: VCN, cinco anos, feminina, com lesões pruriginosas pelo corpo, há um ano. Negava história familiar, antecedentes de atopia ou uso de drogas prévias à erupção. Já havia recebido inúmeras medicações, sem melhora. Foi encaminhada ao serviço de Dermatologia da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC onde, ao exame dermatológico, apresentava pápulas violáceas, brilhantes e umbilicadas, disseminadas pelo tegumento, incluindo palmas e plantas, com a presença de fenômeno de Koebner, poupando couro cabeludo. Na mucosa jugal, placa esbranquiçada semelhante à leucoplasia, ligeiramente arboriforme. Apresentou exames laboratoriais inalterados e achados da biópsia compatíveis com líquen plano. Iniciou-se tratamento com corticoide e anti-histamínico oral e emoliente tópico levando à melhora progressiva, evoluindo com máculas hipercrômicas residuais após quatro meses de tratamento. Discussão: Há evidências de que ocorram modificações nos ceratinócitos basais, desencadeando resposta imune com recrutamento e ativação de linfócitos T. As lesões caracterizam-se por pápulas poligonais, violáceas, descamativas, achatadas, com distribuição bilateral e simétrica acometendo faces flexoras. O objetivo deste relato é descrever um caso atípico de líquen plano extenso numa criança, com algumas lesões simulando quadro clínico de molusco contagioso. Diagnóstico correto e precoce e tratamento adequado diminuem riscos de complicações e melhoram a qualidade de vida.

Introduction: Lichen planus is a pruriginous and inflammatory disease that affects skin, mucous membrane and annex and may present unusual clinical findings. Its etiology is unknown and its peak incidence is in adult life, being uncommon in childhood. For these reasons, the authors report a rarecase of difficult diagnosis, in which a child presented cutaneous manifestations similar to molluscum contagiosum. Case report: VCN, five years old, female, complaining of disseminated cutaneous ichthing lesions for one year. There was no previous family history, atopyc precedents or use of drugs previous to the eruption. She had already received several drugs, without any improvement. She was sent to the Service of Dermatology of Faculdade de Medicina do ABC in which, at dermatological examination, presented violaceae, brilliant and umbilicated papules, throughout the tegument including palms and soles, with presence of Koebner phenomenon, saving scalp. In buccal mucous membrane, there was whitish plaque resembling leukoplakia, slightly tree-shaped. She presented normal laboratory exams and biopsy findings compatible to lichen planus. The treatment was initiated with oral corticosteroids and antihistaminics and topical emollient, leading to progressive improvement, evolving with residual hyperchromic macules after four months of treatment. Discussion: There are evidences that basal keratinocytes damage involves the cellular immune response with CD4+ lymphocytes recruitment and activation. The lesions are characterized by polygonal, violaceae, scaling, flattened papules, with bilateral and symmetric distribution affecting flexor surfaces. The objective of this report is to describe an atypical case of generalized lichen planus in a child, simulating an extensive molluscum contagiosum. Correct and early diagnosis and adequate treatment decrease complication risks and improve quality of life.

Infección por molusco contagioso en pezón: a propósito de un caso / Molluscum contagiosum infection: a purpose of a case

El molusco contagioso es una infección viral que produce lesiones en piel y mucosas características más frecuentes en niños, sin embargo, en el adulto su aparición en el área genital y sitios inusuales, lo cataloga como enfermedad de transmisión sexual. Paciente femenino de 25 años, acude a la consulta por nódulo doloroso en pezón de mama derecha de tres meses de evolución. Antecedentes familiares: dos tías paternas diagnosticadas con cáncer de mama. Al examen físico: área descamativa en areola entre R11-R1 y nódulo doloroso de 4 mm ha dicho nivel, sin signos de flogosis. La ecografía mamaria no reporta lesión. Se realizó la exéresis de nódulo 6 mm blanquecino a través de incisión en base de pezón cuya biopsia reportó infección por molusco contagioso. El molusco contagioso es un virus DNA de la familia de los poxvirus, transmitido por medio de fómites o contacto directo con piel infectada. La lesión típica en piel forma pápulas con umbilicación central de 3 mm a 5 mm de diámetro en tronco, cara y extremidades en los niños, en los adultos en el área genital. Las principales lesiones del pezón son: estructurales, eccematosas, quistes sebáceos e infrecuente los adenomas. Las infecciones del pezón por molusco contagioso son extremadamente raras, así lo demuestra la revisión de casos. La importancia del diagnóstico radica en el control local para reducir contagiosidad, sin embargo, en individuos inmunocompetentes tiene un curso auto limitado.

The molluscum contagiosum is viral infection that produces characteristics papular eruptions in skin and in the mucous membranes. Is more prevalent in children’s although in the adults can infected the genital area, for that reason is knows as a sexual transmitted disease. A 25 years old female patient who referred us painful nodule in her right nipple, the apparition of this nodule was observed three months ago. The familiar antecedents in this patient were: Two paternal aunties with diagnosis of breast cancer. In the physical examination we found: In the scale area between radial 11 and 1 of the areola a 4 mm size painful nodule at the same level. The breast ultrasound study was normal. The lesion excision was made through nipple incision and the biopsy reports: Molluscum contagiosum infection. The molluscum contagiosum is a DNA virus of the poxvirus family; the transmission requires a direct contact with infected hosts or for the contaminated fomites. The common lesion found is self limited 3 mm to 5 mm with papular eruptions in the skin with central umbilicated surface in face, body and in the extremities in children’s and in genitalia in the adults patients. The main nipple lesions are: Structural abnormalities, eczema, sebaceous cysts and uncommon adenomas. The nipple molluscum contagiosum infections are extremely rare. It is important make the diagnosis for the reduction of the transmissibility, and although is self limited in immunocompetents individuals.

Molluscum contagiosum-like lesions in lepromatous leprosy.

A 32-year-old male patient presented with multiple, asymptomatic, papulonodular lesions some of which were umbilicated simulating the clinical features of molluscum contagiosum. On examination the patient was found to be suffering from lepromatous leprosy. Slit-skin smear showed a BI of 6+ and histopathological examination of the nodular lesion showed features of lepromatous leprosy. The patient was treated with MDT-MB and improved remarkably in a few months.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the eye.

This incidence of AIDS is rapidly increasing in the whole world. India is emerging as the country with largest number of AIDS patients. The life time cumulative risk of at least one abnormal ocular lesion developing in an HIV positive ranges from 52% to 100% in various studies. The role of ophthalmologist in the management of an HIV infected patient is becoming increasingly important. This review article describes the common ocular lesions in AIDS patients, particularly seen in Indian patients and available treatment modalities.

Molusco contagioso em paciente HIV positivo: relato de caso / Molluscum contagiosum in a HIV positive patient: case report

Os autores relatam um caso clínico de molusco contagioso, em paciente que procurou a UNISA (Universidade de Santo Amaro) para tratamento odontológico de rotina. Frente ao diagnóstico desta doença dermatológica, associada a anamnese sugestiva de comportamento de risco para a infecçäo pelo HIV, foi solicitado o exame ELISA, que comprovou a supeita